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Today in Peace and Justice History
| Amidst a strike for union recognition by 395,000 steelworkers, the “Red Scare” was launched with the deportation of Alexander Berkman, Emma Goldman, and some 250 other radicals. They were deported to Russia aboard the S. S. Buford (“The Soviet Ark”).
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| J. Edgar Hoover, heading the Justice Department’s General Intelligence Division, advanced his career by implementing to the fullest extent possible the government’s plan to deport all foreign-born radicals. |
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“Sasha & Emma”
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Read more about Emma & Alex
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The Montgomery, Ala., public buses were officially integrated. This happened following a successful boycott of city buses led by the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., and initiated by Rosa Parks’s historic refusal to move to the back of a bus. |
History of Montgomery Bus Boycott
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| USian political activists Tom Hayden, Staughton Lynd, and Herbert Aptheker began a visit to Hanoi, the capital of North Vietnam. Invited by the North Vietnamese, they went despite the U.S. travel ban. Lynd and Hayden wrote The Other Side following their trip, explaining the Vietnamese perspective. |
Read more
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| Hundreds of supporters visited jailed Vietnam War resisters at Allenwood Federal Penitentiary in Pennsylvania, organized by the Fellowship of Reconciliation. |
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| President Ronald Reagan signed, after Congress had passed it unanimously, the first Boland Amendment. Rep. Edward Boland’s (D-Mass.) legislation prohibited the use of U.S. funds for either overt or covert efforts by its intelligence agencies to overthrow the Nicaraguan government. |
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Vice President Dan Quayle sent out 30,000 Christmas cards with the word beacon misspelled as “beakon.”
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“May our nation continue to be the beakon of hope to the world.“– The Quayles’ 1989 Christmas card.
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More Quayle quotes
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| Eleven former Soviet republics and Russia peaceably declared an end to the Soviet Union and formed the Commonwealth of Independent States. Azerbaijan, Armenia, Belarus, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, and Ukraine agreed to cooperate on the basis on sovereign equality. |
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